Segment class | Segment | Marginal | Allophones | Representation |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bilabial | Labiodental | Dental | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal | Glottal | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plosive | p b | t̪ d̪ | t d | ʈ ɖ | c ɟ | k ɡ | q ɢ | ʔ | |||
Nasal | m | ɱ | n̪ | n | ɳ | ɲ | ŋ | ɴ | |||
Trill | ʙ | r̪ | r | ʀ | |||||||
Tap or Flap | ⱱ | ɾ̪ | ɾ | ɽ | |||||||
Fricative | ɸ β | f v | θ ð | s z | ʃ ʒ | ʂ ʐ | ç ʝ | x ɣ | χ ʁ | ħ ʕ | h ɦ |
Lateral fricative | ɬ ɮ | ||||||||||
Approximant | ʋ | ɹ | ɻ | j | ɰ | ||||||
Lateral approximant | l̪ | l | ɭ | ʎ | ʟ |
Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.
Clicks | Voiced implosives | ||
---|---|---|---|
ʘ | Bilabial | ɓ | Bilabial |
ǀ | Dental | ɗ | Dental/alveolar |
ǃ | (Post)alveolar | ʄ | Palatal |
ǂ | Palatoalveolar | ɠ | Velar |
ǁ | Alveolar lateral | ʛ | Uvular |
a̟ | LATIN SMALL LETTER A - COMBINING PLUS SIGN BELOW |
e̞ | LATIN SMALL LETTER E - COMBINING DOWN TACK BELOW |
o̞ | LATIN SMALL LETTER O - COMBINING DOWN TACK BELOW |
kx | LATIN SMALL LETTER K - LATIN SMALL LETTER X |
n̪|n | LATIN SMALL LETTER N - COMBINING BRIDGE BELOW - VERTICAL LINE - LATIN SMALL LETTER N |
d̪|d | LATIN SMALL LETTER D - COMBINING BRIDGE BELOW - VERTICAL LINE - LATIN SMALL LETTER D |
r̪|r | LATIN SMALL LETTER R - COMBINING BRIDGE BELOW - VERTICAL LINE - LATIN SMALL LETTER R |
s̪|s | LATIN SMALL LETTER S - COMBINING BRIDGE BELOW - VERTICAL LINE - LATIN SMALL LETTER S |
t̪|t | LATIN SMALL LETTER T - COMBINING BRIDGE BELOW - VERTICAL LINE - LATIN SMALL LETTER T |
l̪|l | LATIN SMALL LETTER L - COMBINING BRIDGE BELOW - VERTICAL LINE - LATIN SMALL LETTER L |