Inventory KURDISH (UPSID 419)

Segment class Segment Marginal Allophones Representation

Consonants (Pulmonic)

Bilabial Labiodental Dental Alveolar Postalveolar Retroflex Palatal  Velar  Uvular Pharyngeal Glottal
Plosive p b t̪ d̪ t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ q ɢ   ʔ  
Nasal m ɱ n̪ n ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ
Trill ʙ r̪ r ʀ
Tap or Flap ⱱ ɾ̪ ɾ ɽ
Fricative ɸ β f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ h ɦ
Lateral fricative ɬ ɮ
Approximant ʋ ɹ ɻ j ɰ
Lateral approximant l̪ l ɭ ʎ ʟ

Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.

Consonants (Non-Pulmonic)

Clicks Voiced implosives
ʘ Bilabial ɓ Bilabial
ǀ Dental ɗ Dental/alveolar
ǃ (Post)alveolar ʄ Palatal
ǂ Palatoalveolar ɠ Velar
ǁ Alveolar lateral ʛ Uvular

Vowels

Vowel Quadrilateral
Front Central Back Close Close-mid Open-mid Open

Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel.

Other Segments

t̠ʃ LATIN SMALL LETTER T - COMBINING MINUS SIGN BELOW - LATIN SMALL LETTER ESH
w LATIN SMALL LETTER W
e̞ː LATIN SMALL LETTER E - COMBINING DOWN TACK BELOW - MODIFIER LETTER TRIANGULAR COLON
o̞ː LATIN SMALL LETTER O - COMBINING DOWN TACK BELOW - MODIFIER LETTER TRIANGULAR COLON
d̠ʒ LATIN SMALL LETTER D - COMBINING MINUS SIGN BELOW - LATIN SMALL LETTER EZH
s̪ LATIN SMALL LETTER S - COMBINING BRIDGE BELOW
lˤ LATIN SMALL LETTER L - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL REVERSED GLOTTAL STOP
sˤ LATIN SMALL LETTER S - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL REVERSED GLOTTAL STOP
z̪ LATIN SMALL LETTER Z - COMBINING BRIDGE BELOW
r̪|r LATIN SMALL LETTER R - COMBINING BRIDGE BELOW - VERTICAL LINE - LATIN SMALL LETTER R
ai LATIN SMALL LETTER A - LATIN SMALL LETTER I
au LATIN SMALL LETTER A - LATIN SMALL LETTER U
l̪|l LATIN SMALL LETTER L - COMBINING BRIDGE BELOW - VERTICAL LINE - LATIN SMALL LETTER L
ɾ̪|ɾ LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH FISHHOOK - COMBINING BRIDGE BELOW - VERTICAL LINE - LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH FISHHOOK
əu LATIN SMALL LETTER SCHWA - LATIN SMALL LETTER U
e̞i LATIN SMALL LETTER E - COMBINING DOWN TACK BELOW - LATIN SMALL LETTER I
o̞i LATIN SMALL LETTER O - COMBINING DOWN TACK BELOW - LATIN SMALL LETTER I
e̞u LATIN SMALL LETTER E - COMBINING DOWN TACK BELOW - LATIN SMALL LETTER U
əi LATIN SMALL LETTER SCHWA - LATIN SMALL LETTER I
ui LATIN SMALL LETTER U - LATIN SMALL LETTER I