Inventory KIOWA (UPSID 409)

Segment class Segment Marginal Allophones Representation

Consonants (Pulmonic)

Bilabial Labiodental Dental Alveolar Postalveolar Retroflex Palatal  Velar  Uvular Pharyngeal Glottal
Plosive p b t̪ d̪ t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ q ɢ   ʔ  
Nasal m ɱ n̪ n ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ
Trill ʙ r̪ r ʀ
Tap or Flap ⱱ ɾ̪ ɾ ɽ
Fricative ɸ β f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ h ɦ
Lateral fricative ɬ ɮ
Approximant ʋ ɹ ɻ j ɰ
Lateral approximant l̪ l ɭ ʎ ʟ

Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.

Consonants (Non-Pulmonic)

Clicks Voiced implosives
ʘ Bilabial ɓ Bilabial
ǀ Dental ɗ Dental/alveolar
ǃ (Post)alveolar ʄ Palatal
ǂ Palatoalveolar ɠ Velar
ǁ Alveolar lateral ʛ Uvular

Vowels

Vowel Quadrilateral
Front Central Back Close Close-mid Open-mid Open

Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel.

Other Segments

kʰ LATIN SMALL LETTER K - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H
pʰ LATIN SMALL LETTER P - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H
kʼ LATIN SMALL LETTER K - MODIFIER LETTER APOSTROPHE
pʼ LATIN SMALL LETTER P - MODIFIER LETTER APOSTROPHE
tsʼ LATIN SMALL LETTER T - LATIN SMALL LETTER S - MODIFIER LETTER APOSTROPHE
a̟ LATIN SMALL LETTER A - COMBINING PLUS SIGN BELOW
e̞ LATIN SMALL LETTER E - COMBINING DOWN TACK BELOW
o̞ LATIN SMALL LETTER O - COMBINING DOWN TACK BELOW
ts LATIN SMALL LETTER T - LATIN SMALL LETTER S
ẽ̞ LATIN SMALL LETTER E - COMBINING DOWN TACK BELOW - COMBINING TILDE
õ̞ LATIN SMALL LETTER O - COMBINING DOWN TACK BELOW - COMBINING TILDE
t̪ʰ LATIN SMALL LETTER T - COMBINING BRIDGE BELOW - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H
t̪ʼ LATIN SMALL LETTER T - COMBINING BRIDGE BELOW - MODIFIER LETTER APOSTROPHE
ã̟ LATIN SMALL LETTER A - COMBINING PLUS SIGN BELOW - COMBINING TILDE
ɔi LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN O - LATIN SMALL LETTER I
o̞i LATIN SMALL LETTER O - COMBINING DOWN TACK BELOW - LATIN SMALL LETTER I
ɔ̃ĩ LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN O - COMBINING TILDE - LATIN SMALL LETTER I - COMBINING TILDE
ui LATIN SMALL LETTER U - LATIN SMALL LETTER I
a̟i LATIN SMALL LETTER A - COMBINING PLUS SIGN BELOW - LATIN SMALL LETTER I
ã̟ĩ LATIN SMALL LETTER A - COMBINING PLUS SIGN BELOW - COMBINING TILDE - LATIN SMALL LETTER I - COMBINING TILDE
d̪l̪ LATIN SMALL LETTER D - COMBINING BRIDGE BELOW - LATIN SMALL LETTER L - COMBINING BRIDGE BELOW
õ̞ĩ LATIN SMALL LETTER O - COMBINING DOWN TACK BELOW - COMBINING TILDE - LATIN SMALL LETTER I - COMBINING TILDE
ũĩ LATIN SMALL LETTER U - COMBINING TILDE - LATIN SMALL LETTER I - COMBINING TILDE