Segment class | Segment | Marginal | Allophones | Representation |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bilabial | Labiodental | Dental | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal | Glottal | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plosive | p b | t̪ d̪ | t d | ʈ ɖ | c ɟ | k ɡ | q ɢ | ʔ | |||
Nasal | m | ɱ | n̪ | n | ɳ | ɲ | ŋ | ɴ | |||
Trill | ʙ | r̪ | r | ʀ | |||||||
Tap or Flap | ⱱ | ɾ̪ | ɾ | ɽ | |||||||
Fricative | ɸ β | f v | θ ð | s z | ʃ ʒ | ʂ ʐ | ç ʝ | x ɣ | χ ʁ | ħ ʕ | h ɦ |
Lateral fricative | ɬ ɮ | ||||||||||
Approximant | ʋ | ɹ | ɻ | j | ɰ | ||||||
Lateral approximant | l̪ | l | ɭ | ʎ | ʟ |
Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.
Clicks | Voiced implosives | ||
---|---|---|---|
ʘ | Bilabial | ɓ | Bilabial |
ǀ | Dental | ɗ | Dental/alveolar |
ǃ | (Post)alveolar | ʄ | Palatal |
ǂ | Palatoalveolar | ɠ | Velar |
ǁ | Alveolar lateral | ʛ | Uvular |
t̠ʃ | LATIN SMALL LETTER T - COMBINING MINUS SIGN BELOW - LATIN SMALL LETTER ESH |
w | LATIN SMALL LETTER W |
ɡʷ | LATIN SMALL LETTER SCRIPT G - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL W |
ʁʷ | LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL INVERTED R - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL W |
ts | LATIN SMALL LETTER T - LATIN SMALL LETTER S |
d̠ʒ | LATIN SMALL LETTER D - COMBINING MINUS SIGN BELOW - LATIN SMALL LETTER EZH |
dz | LATIN SMALL LETTER D - LATIN SMALL LETTER Z |
˦ | MODIFIER LETTER HIGH TONE BAR |
kʷ | LATIN SMALL LETTER K - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL W |
ŋʷ | LATIN SMALL LETTER ENG - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL W |
qʷ | LATIN SMALL LETTER Q - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL W |
˨ | MODIFIER LETTER LOW TONE BAR |
˦˨ | MODIFIER LETTER HIGH TONE BAR - MODIFIER LETTER LOW TONE BAR |
st | LATIN SMALL LETTER S - LATIN SMALL LETTER T |
ʃt | LATIN SMALL LETTER ESH - LATIN SMALL LETTER T |