Inventory BERTA (UPSID 621)

Segment class Segment Marginal Allophones Representation

Consonants (Pulmonic)

Bilabial Labiodental Dental Alveolar Postalveolar Retroflex Palatal  Velar  Uvular Pharyngeal Glottal
Plosive p b t̪ d̪ t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ q ɢ   ʔ  
Nasal m ɱ n̪ n ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ
Trill ʙ r̪ r ʀ
Tap or Flap ⱱ ɾ̪ ɾ ɽ
Fricative ɸ β f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ h ɦ
Lateral fricative ɬ ɮ
Approximant ʋ ɹ ɻ j ɰ
Lateral approximant l̪ l ɭ ʎ ʟ

Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.

Consonants (Non-Pulmonic)

Clicks Voiced implosives
ʘ Bilabial ɓ Bilabial
ǀ Dental ɗ Dental/alveolar
ǃ (Post)alveolar ʄ Palatal
ǂ Palatoalveolar ɠ Velar
ǁ Alveolar lateral ʛ Uvular

Vowels

Vowel Quadrilateral
Front Central Back Close Close-mid Open-mid Open

Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel.

Other Segments

w LATIN SMALL LETTER W
kʼ LATIN SMALL LETTER K - MODIFIER LETTER APOSTROPHE
pʼ LATIN SMALL LETTER P - MODIFIER LETTER APOSTROPHE
e̞ LATIN SMALL LETTER E - COMBINING DOWN TACK BELOW
o̞ LATIN SMALL LETTER O - COMBINING DOWN TACK BELOW
d̠ʒ LATIN SMALL LETTER D - COMBINING MINUS SIGN BELOW - LATIN SMALL LETTER EZH
mb LATIN SMALL LETTER M - LATIN SMALL LETTER B
ŋɡ LATIN SMALL LETTER ENG - LATIN SMALL LETTER SCRIPT G
n̪|n LATIN SMALL LETTER N - COMBINING BRIDGE BELOW - VERTICAL LINE - LATIN SMALL LETTER N
d̪|d LATIN SMALL LETTER D - COMBINING BRIDGE BELOW - VERTICAL LINE - LATIN SMALL LETTER D
r̪|r LATIN SMALL LETTER R - COMBINING BRIDGE BELOW - VERTICAL LINE - LATIN SMALL LETTER R
s̪|s LATIN SMALL LETTER S - COMBINING BRIDGE BELOW - VERTICAL LINE - LATIN SMALL LETTER S
l̪|l LATIN SMALL LETTER L - COMBINING BRIDGE BELOW - VERTICAL LINE - LATIN SMALL LETTER L
n̪d̪|nd LATIN SMALL LETTER N - COMBINING BRIDGE BELOW - LATIN SMALL LETTER D - COMBINING BRIDGE BELOW - VERTICAL LINE - LATIN SMALL LETTER N - LATIN SMALL LETTER D
ɗ̪|ɗ LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH HOOK - COMBINING BRIDGE BELOW - VERTICAL LINE - LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH HOOK
s̪ʼ|sʼ LATIN SMALL LETTER S - COMBINING BRIDGE BELOW - MODIFIER LETTER APOSTROPHE - VERTICAL LINE - LATIN SMALL LETTER S - MODIFIER LETTER APOSTROPHE