Inventory NAMA (UPSID 482)

Segment class Segment Marginal Allophones Representation

Consonants (Pulmonic)

Bilabial Labiodental Dental Alveolar Postalveolar Retroflex Palatal  Velar  Uvular Pharyngeal Glottal
Plosive p b t̪ d̪ t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ q ɢ   ʔ  
Nasal m ɱ n̪ n ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ
Trill ʙ r̪ r ʀ
Tap or Flap ⱱ ɾ̪ ɾ ɽ
Fricative ɸ β f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ h ɦ
Lateral fricative ɬ ɮ
Approximant ʋ ɹ ɻ j ɰ
Lateral approximant l̪ l ɭ ʎ ʟ

Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.

Consonants (Non-Pulmonic)

Clicks Voiced implosives
ʘ Bilabial ɓ Bilabial
ǀ Dental ɗ Dental/alveolar
ǃ (Post)alveolar ʄ Palatal
ǂ Palatoalveolar ɠ Velar
ǁ Alveolar lateral ʛ Uvular

Vowels

Vowel Quadrilateral
Front Central Back Close Close-mid Open-mid Open

Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel.

Other Segments

kǃ LATIN SMALL LETTER K - LATIN LETTER RETROFLEX CLICK
kxʰ LATIN SMALL LETTER K - LATIN SMALL LETTER X - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H
t̪s̪ʰ LATIN SMALL LETTER T - COMBINING BRIDGE BELOW - LATIN SMALL LETTER S - COMBINING BRIDGE BELOW - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H
kǀ͓ LATIN SMALL LETTER K - LATIN LETTER DENTAL CLICK - COMBINING X BELOW
ŋǀ͓ LATIN SMALL LETTER ENG - LATIN LETTER DENTAL CLICK - COMBINING X BELOW
kǁ͓ LATIN SMALL LETTER K - LATIN LETTER LATERAL CLICK - COMBINING X BELOW
kǃ̠ LATIN SMALL LETTER K - LATIN LETTER RETROFLEX CLICK - COMBINING MINUS SIGN BELOW
ŋ̥ǀ͓ˀ LATIN SMALL LETTER ENG - COMBINING RING BELOW - LATIN LETTER DENTAL CLICK - COMBINING X BELOW - MODIFIER LETTER GLOTTAL STOP
ŋǁ͓ LATIN SMALL LETTER ENG - LATIN LETTER LATERAL CLICK - COMBINING X BELOW
ŋ̥ǁ͓ˀ LATIN SMALL LETTER ENG - COMBINING RING BELOW - LATIN LETTER LATERAL CLICK - COMBINING X BELOW - MODIFIER LETTER GLOTTAL STOP
ŋǃ̠ LATIN SMALL LETTER ENG - LATIN LETTER RETROFLEX CLICK - COMBINING MINUS SIGN BELOW
ŋ̥ǃ̠ˀ LATIN SMALL LETTER ENG - COMBINING RING BELOW - LATIN LETTER RETROFLEX CLICK - COMBINING MINUS SIGN BELOW - MODIFIER LETTER GLOTTAL STOP
ŋ̥ǀ͓ʰ LATIN SMALL LETTER ENG - COMBINING RING BELOW - LATIN LETTER DENTAL CLICK - COMBINING X BELOW - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H
ŋǃ LATIN SMALL LETTER ENG - LATIN LETTER RETROFLEX CLICK
ŋ̥ǃ LATIN SMALL LETTER ENG - COMBINING RING BELOW - LATIN LETTER RETROFLEX CLICK
ŋ̥ǃˀ LATIN SMALL LETTER ENG - COMBINING RING BELOW - LATIN LETTER RETROFLEX CLICK - MODIFIER LETTER GLOTTAL STOP
kǀ͓ˠʰ LATIN SMALL LETTER K - LATIN LETTER DENTAL CLICK - COMBINING X BELOW - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL GAMMA - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H
kǁ͓xʰ LATIN SMALL LETTER K - LATIN LETTER LATERAL CLICK - COMBINING X BELOW - LATIN SMALL LETTER X - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H
kǃxʰ LATIN SMALL LETTER K - LATIN LETTER RETROFLEX CLICK - LATIN SMALL LETTER X - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H
kǃ̠xʰ LATIN SMALL LETTER K - LATIN LETTER RETROFLEX CLICK - COMBINING MINUS SIGN BELOW - LATIN SMALL LETTER X - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H
ŋ̥ǁ͓ʰ LATIN SMALL LETTER ENG - COMBINING RING BELOW - LATIN LETTER LATERAL CLICK - COMBINING X BELOW - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H
ŋ̥ǃ̠ʰ LATIN SMALL LETTER ENG - COMBINING RING BELOW - LATIN LETTER RETROFLEX CLICK - COMBINING MINUS SIGN BELOW - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H