Inventory DAKOTA (UPSID 445)

Segment class Segment Marginal Allophones Representation

Consonants (Pulmonic)

Bilabial Labiodental Dental Alveolar Postalveolar Retroflex Palatal  Velar  Uvular Pharyngeal Glottal
Plosive p b t̪ d̪ t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ q ɢ   ʔ  
Nasal m ɱ n̪ n ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ
Trill ʙ r̪ r ʀ
Tap or Flap ⱱ ɾ̪ ɾ ɽ
Fricative ɸ β f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ h ɦ
Lateral fricative ɬ ɮ
Approximant ʋ ɹ ɻ j ɰ
Lateral approximant l̪ l ɭ ʎ ʟ

Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.

Consonants (Non-Pulmonic)

Clicks Voiced implosives
ʘ Bilabial ɓ Bilabial
ǀ Dental ɗ Dental/alveolar
ǃ (Post)alveolar ʄ Palatal
ǂ Palatoalveolar ɠ Velar
ǁ Alveolar lateral ʛ Uvular

Vowels

Vowel Quadrilateral
Front Central Back Close Close-mid Open-mid Open

Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel.

Other Segments

kʰ LATIN SMALL LETTER K - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H
pʰ LATIN SMALL LETTER P - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H
t̠ʃ LATIN SMALL LETTER T - COMBINING MINUS SIGN BELOW - LATIN SMALL LETTER ESH
t̠ʃʰ LATIN SMALL LETTER T - COMBINING MINUS SIGN BELOW - LATIN SMALL LETTER ESH - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H
w LATIN SMALL LETTER W
kʼ LATIN SMALL LETTER K - MODIFIER LETTER APOSTROPHE
pʼ LATIN SMALL LETTER P - MODIFIER LETTER APOSTROPHE
t̠ʃʼ LATIN SMALL LETTER T - COMBINING MINUS SIGN BELOW - LATIN SMALL LETTER ESH - MODIFIER LETTER APOSTROPHE
ʃʼ LATIN SMALL LETTER ESH - MODIFIER LETTER APOSTROPHE
xʼ LATIN SMALL LETTER X - MODIFIER LETTER APOSTROPHE
n̪|n LATIN SMALL LETTER N - COMBINING BRIDGE BELOW - VERTICAL LINE - LATIN SMALL LETTER N
s̪|s LATIN SMALL LETTER S - COMBINING BRIDGE BELOW - VERTICAL LINE - LATIN SMALL LETTER S
t̪ʰ|tʰ LATIN SMALL LETTER T - COMBINING BRIDGE BELOW - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H - VERTICAL LINE - LATIN SMALL LETTER T - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H
t̪|t LATIN SMALL LETTER T - COMBINING BRIDGE BELOW - VERTICAL LINE - LATIN SMALL LETTER T
z̪|z LATIN SMALL LETTER Z - COMBINING BRIDGE BELOW - VERTICAL LINE - LATIN SMALL LETTER Z
l̪|l LATIN SMALL LETTER L - COMBINING BRIDGE BELOW - VERTICAL LINE - LATIN SMALL LETTER L
t̪ʼ|tʼ LATIN SMALL LETTER T - COMBINING BRIDGE BELOW - MODIFIER LETTER APOSTROPHE - VERTICAL LINE - LATIN SMALL LETTER T - MODIFIER LETTER APOSTROPHE
s̪ʼ|sʼ LATIN SMALL LETTER S - COMBINING BRIDGE BELOW - MODIFIER LETTER APOSTROPHE - VERTICAL LINE - LATIN SMALL LETTER S - MODIFIER LETTER APOSTROPHE