Inventory KWAKW'ALA (UPSID 437)

Segment class Segment Marginal Allophones Representation

Consonants (Pulmonic)

Bilabial Labiodental Dental Alveolar Postalveolar Retroflex Palatal  Velar  Uvular Pharyngeal Glottal
Plosive p b t̪ d̪ t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ q ɢ   ʔ  
Nasal m ɱ n̪ n ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ
Trill ʙ r̪ r ʀ
Tap or Flap ⱱ ɾ̪ ɾ ɽ
Fricative ɸ β f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ h ɦ
Lateral fricative ɬ ɮ
Approximant ʋ ɹ ɻ j ɰ
Lateral approximant l̪ l ɭ ʎ ʟ

Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.

Consonants (Non-Pulmonic)

Clicks Voiced implosives
ʘ Bilabial ɓ Bilabial
ǀ Dental ɗ Dental/alveolar
ǃ (Post)alveolar ʄ Palatal
ǂ Palatoalveolar ɠ Velar
ǁ Alveolar lateral ʛ Uvular

Vowels

Vowel Quadrilateral
Front Central Back Close Close-mid Open-mid Open

Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel.

Other Segments

pʰ LATIN SMALL LETTER P - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H
tʰ LATIN SMALL LETTER T - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H
w LATIN SMALL LETTER W
ɢʷ LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL G - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL W
kʷʰ LATIN SMALL LETTER K - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL W - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H
kʷʼ LATIN SMALL LETTER K - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL W - MODIFIER LETTER APOSTROPHE
pʼ LATIN SMALL LETTER P - MODIFIER LETTER APOSTROPHE
qʰ LATIN SMALL LETTER Q - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H
qʷʰ LATIN SMALL LETTER Q - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL W - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H
qʷʼ LATIN SMALL LETTER Q - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL W - MODIFIER LETTER APOSTROPHE
qʼ LATIN SMALL LETTER Q - MODIFIER LETTER APOSTROPHE
tsʰ LATIN SMALL LETTER T - LATIN SMALL LETTER S - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H
tsʼ LATIN SMALL LETTER T - LATIN SMALL LETTER S - MODIFIER LETTER APOSTROPHE
tʼ LATIN SMALL LETTER T - MODIFIER LETTER APOSTROPHE
xʷ LATIN SMALL LETTER X - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL W
χʷ GREEK SMALL LETTER CHI - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL W
ɡʷ LATIN SMALL LETTER SCRIPT G - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL W
dz LATIN SMALL LETTER D - LATIN SMALL LETTER Z
cʰ LATIN SMALL LETTER C - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H
tɬʰ LATIN SMALL LETTER T - LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH BELT - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H
tɬʼ LATIN SMALL LETTER T - LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH BELT - MODIFIER LETTER APOSTROPHE
cʼ LATIN SMALL LETTER C - MODIFIER LETTER APOSTROPHE
j̰ LATIN SMALL LETTER J - COMBINING TILDE BELOW
m̰ LATIN SMALL LETTER M - COMBINING TILDE BELOW
n̰ LATIN SMALL LETTER N - COMBINING TILDE BELOW
w̰ LATIN SMALL LETTER W - COMBINING TILDE BELOW
dɮ LATIN SMALL LETTER D - LATIN SMALL LETTER LEZH
l̰ LATIN SMALL LETTER L - COMBINING TILDE BELOW