Inventory HAKKA (UPSID 350)

Segment class Segment Marginal Allophones Representation

Consonants (Pulmonic)

Bilabial Labiodental Dental Alveolar Postalveolar Retroflex Palatal  Velar  Uvular Pharyngeal Glottal
Plosive p b t̪ d̪ t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ q ɢ   ʔ  
Nasal m ɱ n̪ n ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ
Trill ʙ r̪ r ʀ
Tap or Flap ⱱ ɾ̪ ɾ ɽ
Fricative ɸ β f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ h ɦ
Lateral fricative ɬ ɮ
Approximant ʋ ɹ ɻ j ɰ
Lateral approximant l̪ l ɭ ʎ ʟ

Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.

Consonants (Non-Pulmonic)

Clicks Voiced implosives
ʘ Bilabial ɓ Bilabial
ǀ Dental ɗ Dental/alveolar
ǃ (Post)alveolar ʄ Palatal
ǂ Palatoalveolar ɠ Velar
ǁ Alveolar lateral ʛ Uvular

Vowels

Vowel Quadrilateral
Front Central Back Close Close-mid Open-mid Open

Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel.

Other Segments

kʰ LATIN SMALL LETTER K - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H
pʰ LATIN SMALL LETTER P - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H
w LATIN SMALL LETTER W
mb LATIN SMALL LETTER M - LATIN SMALL LETTER B
ŋɡ LATIN SMALL LETTER ENG - LATIN SMALL LETTER SCRIPT G
s̪|s LATIN SMALL LETTER S - COMBINING BRIDGE BELOW - VERTICAL LINE - LATIN SMALL LETTER S
t̪ʰ|tʰ LATIN SMALL LETTER T - COMBINING BRIDGE BELOW - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H - VERTICAL LINE - LATIN SMALL LETTER T - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H
t̪s̪ʰ|tsʰ LATIN SMALL LETTER T - COMBINING BRIDGE BELOW - LATIN SMALL LETTER S - COMBINING BRIDGE BELOW - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H - VERTICAL LINE - LATIN SMALL LETTER T - LATIN SMALL LETTER S - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H
t̪|t LATIN SMALL LETTER T - COMBINING BRIDGE BELOW - VERTICAL LINE - LATIN SMALL LETTER T
l̪|l LATIN SMALL LETTER L - COMBINING BRIDGE BELOW - VERTICAL LINE - LATIN SMALL LETTER L
t̪s̪|ts LATIN SMALL LETTER T - COMBINING BRIDGE BELOW - LATIN SMALL LETTER S - COMBINING BRIDGE BELOW - VERTICAL LINE - LATIN SMALL LETTER T - LATIN SMALL LETTER S
n̪d̪|nd LATIN SMALL LETTER N - COMBINING BRIDGE BELOW - LATIN SMALL LETTER D - COMBINING BRIDGE BELOW - VERTICAL LINE - LATIN SMALL LETTER N - LATIN SMALL LETTER D