Inventory Punjabi (SPA 175)

Segment class Segment Marginal Allophones Representation

Consonants (Pulmonic)

Bilabial Labiodental Dental Alveolar Postalveolar Retroflex Palatal  Velar  Uvular Pharyngeal Glottal
Plosive p b t̪ d̪ t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ q ɢ   ʔ  
Nasal m ɱ n̪ n ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ
Trill ʙ r̪ r ʀ
Tap or Flap ⱱ ɾ̪ ɾ ɽ
Fricative ɸ β f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ h ɦ
Lateral fricative ɬ ɮ
Approximant ʋ ɹ ɻ j ɰ
Lateral approximant l̪ l ɭ ʎ ʟ

Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.

Consonants (Non-Pulmonic)

Clicks Voiced implosives
ʘ Bilabial ɓ Bilabial
ǀ Dental ɗ Dental/alveolar
ǃ (Post)alveolar ʄ Palatal
ǂ Palatoalveolar ɠ Velar
ǁ Alveolar lateral ʛ Uvular

Vowels

Vowel Quadrilateral
Front Central Back Close Close-mid Open-mid Open

Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel.

Other Segments

kʰ LATIN SMALL LETTER K - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H
pʰ LATIN SMALL LETTER P - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H
t̠ʃ LATIN SMALL LETTER T - COMBINING MINUS SIGN BELOW - LATIN SMALL LETTER ESH
t̠ʃʰ LATIN SMALL LETTER T - COMBINING MINUS SIGN BELOW - LATIN SMALL LETTER ESH - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H
w LATIN SMALL LETTER W
d̻ LATIN SMALL LETTER D - COMBINING SQUARE BELOW
n̻ LATIN SMALL LETTER N - COMBINING SQUARE BELOW
s̻ LATIN SMALL LETTER S - COMBINING SQUARE BELOW
t̻ʰ LATIN SMALL LETTER T - COMBINING SQUARE BELOW - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H
z̻ LATIN SMALL LETTER Z - COMBINING SQUARE BELOW
e̞ LATIN SMALL LETTER E - COMBINING DOWN TACK BELOW
o̞ LATIN SMALL LETTER O - COMBINING DOWN TACK BELOW
˧ MODIFIER LETTER MID TONE BAR
d̠ʒ LATIN SMALL LETTER D - COMBINING MINUS SIGN BELOW - LATIN SMALL LETTER EZH
ʈʰ LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH RETROFLEX HOOK - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H
d̠ʒː LATIN SMALL LETTER D - COMBINING MINUS SIGN BELOW - LATIN SMALL LETTER EZH - MODIFIER LETTER TRIANGULAR COLON
ɖː LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH TAIL - MODIFIER LETTER TRIANGULAR COLON
ẽ̞ LATIN SMALL LETTER E - COMBINING DOWN TACK BELOW - COMBINING TILDE
kː LATIN SMALL LETTER K - MODIFIER LETTER TRIANGULAR COLON
õ̞ LATIN SMALL LETTER O - COMBINING DOWN TACK BELOW - COMBINING TILDE
pː LATIN SMALL LETTER P - MODIFIER LETTER TRIANGULAR COLON
t̠ʃː LATIN SMALL LETTER T - COMBINING MINUS SIGN BELOW - LATIN SMALL LETTER ESH - MODIFIER LETTER TRIANGULAR COLON
ʈː LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH RETROFLEX HOOK - MODIFIER LETTER TRIANGULAR COLON
bː LATIN SMALL LETTER B - MODIFIER LETTER TRIANGULAR COLON
ɡː LATIN SMALL LETTER SCRIPT G - MODIFIER LETTER TRIANGULAR COLON
mː LATIN SMALL LETTER M - MODIFIER LETTER TRIANGULAR COLON
˦˥ MODIFIER LETTER HIGH TONE BAR - MODIFIER LETTER EXTRA-HIGH TONE BAR
˩ MODIFIER LETTER EXTRA-LOW TONE BAR
l̻ LATIN SMALL LETTER L - COMBINING SQUARE BELOW
t̻ LATIN SMALL LETTER T - COMBINING SQUARE BELOW
s̻ː LATIN SMALL LETTER S - COMBINING SQUARE BELOW - MODIFIER LETTER TRIANGULAR COLON
kʰː LATIN SMALL LETTER K - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H - MODIFIER LETTER TRIANGULAR COLON
t̠ʃʰː LATIN SMALL LETTER T - COMBINING MINUS SIGN BELOW - LATIN SMALL LETTER ESH - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H - MODIFIER LETTER TRIANGULAR COLON
d̻ː LATIN SMALL LETTER D - COMBINING SQUARE BELOW - MODIFIER LETTER TRIANGULAR COLON
l̻ː LATIN SMALL LETTER L - COMBINING SQUARE BELOW - MODIFIER LETTER TRIANGULAR COLON
n̻ː LATIN SMALL LETTER N - COMBINING SQUARE BELOW - MODIFIER LETTER TRIANGULAR COLON
pʰː LATIN SMALL LETTER P - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H - MODIFIER LETTER TRIANGULAR COLON
t̻ː LATIN SMALL LETTER T - COMBINING SQUARE BELOW - MODIFIER LETTER TRIANGULAR COLON
t̻ʰː LATIN SMALL LETTER T - COMBINING SQUARE BELOW - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H - MODIFIER LETTER TRIANGULAR COLON
ʈʰː LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH RETROFLEX HOOK - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H - MODIFIER LETTER TRIANGULAR COLON