Inventory Pinyin (GM 1632)

Segment class Segment Marginal Allophones Representation

Consonants (Pulmonic)

Bilabial Labiodental Dental Alveolar Postalveolar Retroflex Palatal  Velar  Uvular Pharyngeal Glottal
Plosive p b t̪ d̪ t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ q ɢ   ʔ  
Nasal m ɱ n̪ n ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ
Trill ʙ r̪ r ʀ
Tap or Flap ⱱ ɾ̪ ɾ ɽ
Fricative ɸ β f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ h ɦ
Lateral fricative ɬ ɮ
Approximant ʋ ɹ ɻ j ɰ
Lateral approximant l̪ l ɭ ʎ ʟ

Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.

Consonants (Non-Pulmonic)

Clicks Voiced implosives
ʘ Bilabial ɓ Bilabial
ǀ Dental ɗ Dental/alveolar
ǃ (Post)alveolar ʄ Palatal
ǂ Palatoalveolar ɠ Velar
ǁ Alveolar lateral ʛ Uvular

Vowels

Vowel Quadrilateral
Front Central Back Close Close-mid Open-mid Open

Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel.

Other Segments

t̠ʃ LATIN SMALL LETTER T - COMBINING MINUS SIGN BELOW - LATIN SMALL LETTER ESH
w LATIN SMALL LETTER W
dʲ LATIN SMALL LETTER D - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL J
nʲ LATIN SMALL LETTER N - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL J
tʲ LATIN SMALL LETTER T - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL J
ʃʷ LATIN SMALL LETTER ESH - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL W
ɡʷ LATIN SMALL LETTER SCRIPT G - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL W
ts LATIN SMALL LETTER T - LATIN SMALL LETTER S
˧ MODIFIER LETTER MID TONE BAR
ɥ LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED H
˦ MODIFIER LETTER HIGH TONE BAR
kʷ LATIN SMALL LETTER K - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL W
ŋʷ LATIN SMALL LETTER ENG - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL W
˥˩ MODIFIER LETTER EXTRA-HIGH TONE BAR - MODIFIER LETTER EXTRA-LOW TONE BAR
˩˥ MODIFIER LETTER EXTRA-LOW TONE BAR - MODIFIER LETTER EXTRA-HIGH TONE BAR
pʷ LATIN SMALL LETTER P - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL W
˨ MODIFIER LETTER LOW TONE BAR
mʲ LATIN SMALL LETTER M - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL J
kʲ LATIN SMALL LETTER K - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL J
ɡʲ LATIN SMALL LETTER SCRIPT G - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL J
iɛ LATIN SMALL LETTER I - LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN E
t̠ʃʷ LATIN SMALL LETTER T - COMBINING MINUS SIGN BELOW - LATIN SMALL LETTER ESH - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL W
bʲ LATIN SMALL LETTER B - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL J
ɲʷ LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH LEFT HOOK - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL W
ʒʷ LATIN SMALL LETTER EZH - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL W
iə LATIN SMALL LETTER I - LATIN SMALL LETTER SCHWA
uə LATIN SMALL LETTER U - LATIN SMALL LETTER SCHWA
ɨə LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH STROKE - LATIN SMALL LETTER SCHWA
nʷ LATIN SMALL LETTER N - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL W
dʷ LATIN SMALL LETTER D - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL W
sʷ LATIN SMALL LETTER S - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL W
tʷ LATIN SMALL LETTER T - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL W
zʷ LATIN SMALL LETTER Z - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL W
tsʷ LATIN SMALL LETTER T - LATIN SMALL LETTER S - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL W
ɡᶣ LATIN SMALL LETTER SCRIPT G - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TURNED H
kᶣ LATIN SMALL LETTER K - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TURNED H
yə LATIN SMALL LETTER Y - LATIN SMALL LETTER SCHWA