Inventory Punjabi (RA 1780)

Segment class Segment Marginal Allophones Representation

Consonants (Pulmonic)

Bilabial Labiodental Dental Alveolar Postalveolar Retroflex Palatal  Velar  Uvular Pharyngeal Glottal
Plosive p b t̪ d̪ t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ q ɢ   ʔ  
Nasal m ɱ n̪ n ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ
Trill ʙ r̪ r ʀ
Tap or Flap ⱱ ɾ̪ ɾ ɽ
Fricative ɸ β f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ h ɦ
Lateral fricative ɬ ɮ
Approximant ʋ ɹ ɻ j ɰ
Lateral approximant l̪ l ɭ ʎ ʟ

Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.

Consonants (Non-Pulmonic)

Clicks Voiced implosives
ʘ Bilabial ɓ Bilabial
ǀ Dental ɗ Dental/alveolar
ǃ (Post)alveolar ʄ Palatal
ǂ Palatoalveolar ɠ Velar
ǁ Alveolar lateral ʛ Uvular

Vowels

Vowel Quadrilateral
Front Central Back Close Close-mid Open-mid Open

Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel.

Other Segments

kʰ LATIN SMALL LETTER K - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H
pʰ LATIN SMALL LETTER P - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H
w LATIN SMALL LETTER W
˧ MODIFIER LETTER MID TONE BAR
ʈʰ LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH RETROFLEX HOOK - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H
ũː LATIN SMALL LETTER U - COMBINING TILDE - MODIFIER LETTER TRIANGULAR COLON
ẽ̞ LATIN SMALL LETTER E - COMBINING DOWN TACK BELOW - COMBINING TILDE
õ̞ LATIN SMALL LETTER O - COMBINING DOWN TACK BELOW - COMBINING TILDE
t̪ʰ LATIN SMALL LETTER T - COMBINING BRIDGE BELOW - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H
˥ MODIFIER LETTER EXTRA-HIGH TONE BAR
cç LATIN SMALL LETTER C - LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA
cçʰ LATIN SMALL LETTER C - LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H
˩ MODIFIER LETTER EXTRA-LOW TONE BAR
ɟʝ LATIN SMALL LETTER DOTLESS J WITH STROKE - LATIN SMALL LETTER J WITH CROSSED-TAIL
æ̞̃ LATIN SMALL LETTER AE - COMBINING DOWN TACK BELOW - COMBINING TILDE