Inventory Mandarin Chinese (SPA 16)

Segment class Segment Marginal Allophones Representation

Consonants (Pulmonic)

Bilabial Labiodental Dental Alveolar Postalveolar Retroflex Palatal  Velar  Uvular Pharyngeal Glottal
Plosive p b t̪ d̪ t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ q ɢ   ʔ  
Nasal m ɱ n̪ n ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ
Trill ʙ r̪ r ʀ
Tap or Flap ⱱ ɾ̪ ɾ ɽ
Fricative ɸ β f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ h ɦ
Lateral fricative ɬ ɮ
Approximant ʋ ɹ ɻ j ɰ
Lateral approximant l̪ l ɭ ʎ ʟ

Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.

Consonants (Non-Pulmonic)

Clicks Voiced implosives
ʘ Bilabial ɓ Bilabial
ǀ Dental ɗ Dental/alveolar
ǃ (Post)alveolar ʄ Palatal
ǂ Palatoalveolar ɠ Velar
ǁ Alveolar lateral ʛ Uvular

Vowels

Vowel Quadrilateral
Front Central Back Close Close-mid Open-mid Open

Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel.

Other Segments

kʰ LATIN SMALL LETTER K - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H
pʰ LATIN SMALL LETTER P - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H
tʰ LATIN SMALL LETTER T - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H
w LATIN SMALL LETTER W
tsʰ LATIN SMALL LETTER T - LATIN SMALL LETTER S - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H
ts LATIN SMALL LETTER T - LATIN SMALL LETTER S
˥˦ MODIFIER LETTER EXTRA-HIGH TONE BAR - MODIFIER LETTER HIGH TONE BAR
ʈʂ LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH RETROFLEX HOOK - LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH HOOK
ʈʂʰ LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH RETROFLEX HOOK - LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH HOOK - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H
˥ MODIFIER LETTER EXTRA-HIGH TONE BAR
˧˥ MODIFIER LETTER MID TONE BAR - MODIFIER LETTER EXTRA-HIGH TONE BAR
˧˨˥ MODIFIER LETTER MID TONE BAR - MODIFIER LETTER LOW TONE BAR - MODIFIER LETTER EXTRA-HIGH TONE BAR
a˞ LATIN SMALL LETTER A - MODIFIER LETTER RHOTIC HOOK
a̟˞ LATIN SMALL LETTER A - COMBINING PLUS SIGN BELOW - MODIFIER LETTER RHOTIC HOOK
ɑ̃˞ LATIN SMALL LETTER ALPHA - COMBINING TILDE - MODIFIER LETTER RHOTIC HOOK
cç LATIN SMALL LETTER C - LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA
cçʰ LATIN SMALL LETTER C - LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H
ə˞ LATIN SMALL LETTER SCHWA - MODIFIER LETTER RHOTIC HOOK
ə̃˞ LATIN SMALL LETTER SCHWA - COMBINING TILDE - MODIFIER LETTER RHOTIC HOOK
ɤ˞ LATIN SMALL LETTER RAMS HORN - MODIFIER LETTER RHOTIC HOOK
u˞ LATIN SMALL LETTER U - MODIFIER LETTER RHOTIC HOOK
ɥ LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED H
w˞ LATIN SMALL LETTER W - MODIFIER LETTER RHOTIC HOOK