Inventory Ga (SPA 141)

Segment class Segment Marginal Allophones Representation

Consonants (Pulmonic)

Bilabial Labiodental Dental Alveolar Postalveolar Retroflex Palatal  Velar  Uvular Pharyngeal Glottal
Plosive p b t̪ d̪ t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ q ɢ   ʔ  
Nasal m ɱ n̪ n ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ
Trill ʙ r̪ r ʀ
Tap or Flap ⱱ ɾ̪ ɾ ɽ
Fricative ɸ β f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ h ɦ
Lateral fricative ɬ ɮ
Approximant ʋ ɹ ɻ j ɰ
Lateral approximant l̪ l ɭ ʎ ʟ

Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.

Consonants (Non-Pulmonic)

Clicks Voiced implosives
ʘ Bilabial ɓ Bilabial
ǀ Dental ɗ Dental/alveolar
ǃ (Post)alveolar ʄ Palatal
ǂ Palatoalveolar ɠ Velar
ǁ Alveolar lateral ʛ Uvular

Vowels

Vowel Quadrilateral
Front Central Back Close Close-mid Open-mid Open

Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel.

Other Segments

kʰ LATIN SMALL LETTER K - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H
pʰ LATIN SMALL LETTER P - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H
tʰ LATIN SMALL LETTER T - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H
t̠ʃʰ LATIN SMALL LETTER T - COMBINING MINUS SIGN BELOW - LATIN SMALL LETTER ESH - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H
w LATIN SMALL LETTER W
ʃʷ LATIN SMALL LETTER ESH - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL W
a̟ LATIN SMALL LETTER A - COMBINING PLUS SIGN BELOW
˧ MODIFIER LETTER MID TONE BAR
d̠ʒ LATIN SMALL LETTER D - COMBINING MINUS SIGN BELOW - LATIN SMALL LETTER EZH
˥ MODIFIER LETTER EXTRA-HIGH TONE BAR
ɥ LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED H
ŋ̩ LATIN SMALL LETTER ENG - COMBINING VERTICAL LINE BELOW
˩ MODIFIER LETTER EXTRA-LOW TONE BAR
n̩ LATIN SMALL LETTER N - COMBINING VERTICAL LINE BELOW
l̩ LATIN SMALL LETTER L - COMBINING VERTICAL LINE BELOW
r̩ LATIN SMALL LETTER R - COMBINING VERTICAL LINE BELOW
ã̟ LATIN SMALL LETTER A - COMBINING PLUS SIGN BELOW - COMBINING TILDE
ɡb LATIN SMALL LETTER SCRIPT G - LATIN SMALL LETTER B
kp LATIN SMALL LETTER K - LATIN SMALL LETTER P
ŋm LATIN SMALL LETTER ENG - LATIN SMALL LETTER M
d̠ʒʷ LATIN SMALL LETTER D - COMBINING MINUS SIGN BELOW - LATIN SMALL LETTER EZH - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL W
t̠ʃʷ LATIN SMALL LETTER T - COMBINING MINUS SIGN BELOW - LATIN SMALL LETTER ESH - MODIFIER LETTER SMALL W